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Archives for September 2010

LibreOffice: The newest member of the ODF family

2010/09/28 By Rob 3 Comments

By now I’m sure you have all heard the news of the Document Foundation and LibreOffice.  Personally, I’m still sorting this out.  I have good friends, as well as good professional  relations, on both sides of this split.  They’re all “good guys” in my book and I’m proud to have worked with all of them over the years.  I hope we can figure out some way for this collaboration to continue well into the future.  But if forced to take sides, then my loyalties are clearly going to fall to to ODF rather than to any one implementation.  The ODF open standard transcends implementations and code bases.  It is bigger than any one product.  ODF is what enables the user to have choice.

So I am very pleased to read in their press release that the Document Foundation is firmly committed to the ODF standard.  I encourage them to turn those words into actions and to join the OASIS ODF TC and to participate in the ODF Plugfests. As OASIS ODF TC Chair, I extend to them a warm welcome.

Both OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice are open source products under LGPL and like any fork there will initially be little difference between the products.  But the open source communities behind them are very different.   The Document Foundation has announced a more open community.  This increased openness could enable great things, for example a better product, but this is not guaranteed.  The challenge for the Document Foundation will be to take their greater openness and to rapidly grow a diverse membership of talented contributors and to evolve their open source product in a way that distinguishes itself from alternatives — open source and proprietary — on the market today.  The key milestone I think will be if someday the Document Foundation can claim a headcount of developers that equals or exceeds that which Oracle has working on OpenOffice.org.  In the end code talks, and developers write code.

This will be an interesting test of openness in action.  This is as close as we have seen to “twins separated at birth”, a rare but key subject for studying the relative contribution of hereditary and environmental factors on the development of personal traits.  With LibreOffice and OpenOffice.org we have a similar “experiment”, a separation of identical code bases, with the same license, only varying the openness of the community.  However this may turn out we will learn much from it.

On the other hand, I am also mindful that behind every set of twins separated at birth there is a sad story, and science’s gain comes sometime from misfortune.  This is true as well for LibreOffice and OpenOffice.org.  Although we will learn much from the parallel evolution of these two projects, I think it would have been far better if this split had not been necessary, if circumstances had allowed us to all work together on the goals that we, for the most part, all share.

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Filed Under: ODF

Weekly Links #22

2010/09/25 By Rob Leave a Comment

  • Jochen Friedrich’s Open Blog: European Parliament takes clear stance on openness in the context of completing the internal market

    “More specifically, the parliament clearly requires the use of an open standard in the area of document formats. As stated in clause 41 the parliament “Highlights the importance of an open document exchange format for electronic business interoperation and calls on the Commission to take concrete steps to support its emergence and spread”. For sure, the Open Document Format (ODF) standard which was developed by OASIS and approved by ISO (ISO/IEC 26300) is the standard available for use today. It has been implemented in multiple competing products and is demonstrating interoperability in real life on a daily basis.”

    tags: ODF

  • Save only in ODF | OpenOffice.org repository for Extensions

    “Force ODF saving format for opened DOC, XLS and PPT files. Save and SaveAs events result only ODF files, and the original DOC, XLS or PPT files get extra .safe file name extensions.”

    tags: ODF

  • Large-scale migration to an open source office suite: An innovation adoption study in Finland

    “This study investigates the largest transition in Finland to an open source office suite and to an open standard for office documents. The IT environment of the open source OpenOffice.org migration involves more than 10 000 workstations in the Finnish Ministry of Justice and its administrative sector.”

    tags: ODF

  • European Parliament wants Open Document exchange format for electronic business – Press releases

    “Strasbourg, Sept 21, 2010 — Today the European Parliament plenary adopted a report on completing the internal market for e-commerce prepared by Spanish rapporteur Pablo Arias Echeverría (EPP). The reports highlights the importance of an open document exchange format for electronic business interoperation and calls on the European Commission to take concrete steps to support its emergence and spread.”

    tags: ODF

  • WebAIM: E-mail List Archives

    “If ISO-html goes beyond W3C recommendations, it goes too far. If
    ISO-html stops short of W3C recommendations, it doesn’t go far enough.
    If ISO-html matches W3C recommendations specifically, why bother?”

    tags: HTML ISO

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

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Weekly Links #21

2010/09/18 By Rob Leave a Comment

  • MATLAB Central – Newsreader – Does anyone else wish Matlab could handle Open …

    “I took this advice and utilized the ODFDOM library (part of the odftoolkit project) to implement an xlsread wrapper .m function that will read .ods files on a non-pc platform. The function imports and utilizes classes from the odfdom.jar library.”

    tags: ODFDOM ODF

  • Open data formats | Voices Of Africa

    “How does this harm developing world? Well, the second part of the term “licensing fee,” is the little world, “fee.” You could also use “royalty fee,” or my more preferred term is, “stupid fee.” This fee trickles upwards into software cost. As many of us know, there are plenty of free software projects out there that can easily substitute paid-for software in terms of functionality, but being free software projects, they are unable to pay the licensing fees and therefore do not always support proprietary formats. Let’s continue to look at the trickle effect through a case example”

    tags: ODF

  • Freoffice – KOffice based Open Mobile Office Suite: Digitally signed documents an ODF1..2 Feature in Freoffice

    “Digitally signed documents in the FreOffice which was demonstrated at the ODF inter-operability event at Budapest, Hungary last week, Take a look at the demo of this here”

    tags: ODF

  • The ODF Podcast 002: Jos van den Oever and Inge Wallin | Open Document

    “On September 3rd OASIS ODF Adoption TC member Rob Weir sat down KDE community members Jos van den Oever (left) and Inge Wallin (right), in Budapest at the OpenOffice.org Conference, to discuss a range of topics, including the design philosphy of KOffice, its use of ODF 1.2’s new RDF metadata capabilities and the Nepomuk social semantic desktop project. You can listen to this interview in our second episode of the ODF Podcast.”

    tags: ODF

  • Things I learn reading Microsoft TechNet

    “ODF files saved from Excel 2007 and 2010 are not compatible with most other implementations of ODF in other applications. The other applications can’t read the formulas. Excel uses its own functions and does not try to be compatible with OpenOffice, etc.”

    tags: ODF

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

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Weekly Links #20

2010/09/11 By Rob Leave a Comment

  • ODF Alliance Weblog

    “Last week, OASIS held the ODF 1.2 Interoperability Demonstration to showcase support for ODF 1.2 and the interoperability across eight implementations. The Demo showcased both open source and commercial software applications processing ODF documents on the desktop, in the cloud and on mobile devices, including IBM Lotus Symphony, KOffice, OpenOffice.org Novell Edition, Oracle Open Office, the Python programming library IpOD, Nokia Maemo FreOffice, and Open Framework Systems (OFS).”

    tags: ODF

  • Understanding ODF – Open Document Format – Novus Office

    “The Open Document Format is a means of saving and encoding documents so that they can be freely opened and edited by non proprietary software. As an example, Microsoft’s .doc format for their Word documents is proprietary and requires that you use Microsoft software to open, edit and save the document. In contrast, the Novus .ODT format is an “open document format” and can be freely opened, edited and saved by numerous software applications.

    The benefits of using ODF compliant software are tremendous. The best reason to use this format is to avoid using expensive proprietary software like Microsoft Office.”

    tags: ODF

  • Defining Open standards (Trond’s Opening Standard)

    “Telling when a standard is not open is even easier. Those involved in the struggle to establish an open document format know that very well. After some debate over a company owned document format, the owner decided to submit it for standardization. In the end, it became an ISO-standard, but that does not make it open, or useful, or important. Being developed in a transparent manner does. Listening to input does. Taking on board input counts even more. Meanwhile, another format was also being standardized. After a long fight, only one truly open standard remains, ODF.”

    tags: odf standards

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

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The Recipe for Open Standards (and Why ISO Can’t Cook)

2010/09/09 By Rob 9 Comments

Recipe

First some definitions.  Let’s define an “open standard” as one that is:  1) freely available, 2) developed in an open process and 3) freely implementable, e.g., is royalty free.  Clearly there are interests out there that attempt to soften these criteria, but that only demonstrates the competitive power presented by truly open standards.  We see similar “dumbing down” pressures on other popular marks of distinction, such as the constant pressure by “big agriculture” to allow more permissive use of pesticides in organic/biologique food.  It is almost a law of nature that any item of relative scarcity and value will be counterfeited.  Dumbing down definitions is just one way to counterfeit an open standard.

At the same time there is clearly a spectrum of openness, from proprietary, trade-secret technology at one extreme, progressing through proprietary non-RAND specifications, proprietary RAND specifications, RAND standards to RF standards.  But for sake of argument, let’s draw the line for open standards at these three criteria:   freely available, open process, and freely implementable.

So how do you make an open standard?  In the industry we have a number of years experience creating open standards.  We know what works and what doesn’t.  We’ve learned from experience and especially from failure, the harshest of teachers, e.g., Rambus and OOXML.  At a high level, this experience has led to the following recipe for open standards, a recipe practiced by several notable standards consortia today:

  1. Publish your standards on the web for free download and use.   This seemingly simple step has enormous repercussions for a standards organization, since it eliminates an entire business model, that of selling standards.  So an organization that produces open standards must have an alternative source of income to fund its operations, for example,  membership fees,  corporate or government sponsorship, etc.
  2. Define and enforce an open process for the development of standards.  Much has been written and said about the further qualities that define an open process, but generally they focus on openness, balance, lack of domination, broad-based public review, consensus, due process, right to appeal, etc.  ANSI’s Essential Requirements [PDF] is an excellent outline of the minimum process requirements for ANSI, the organization that accredits US standardizers.
  3. Have a clearly-defined, enforceable IPR policy that ensures that implementors of the standard have royalty free (RF) access to all rights needed to implement the standard.  This area evolved quite a bit, especially post-Rambus, and the best practices now include: defining obligations of members with regard to patents they may control that read on the standard, defining obligations of 3rd parties who submit comments or proposals related to a standard, ensuring copyright assignment from contributors, defined 3rd party patent disclosure obligations, etc.  The complexities of rights given during the drafting of the standard, durable obligations of members who leave, and how rights transfer to future maintenance releases of a published standard — all these are concerns of standards organizations that strive to produce open standards.  For reference, note the IPR policies of  OASIS and the  W3C.  (Now there may be some of you thinking, “IPR wouldn’t matter if we would just eliminate software patents”.  But it is not so easy.  First, we need to consider copyright as well.  And second, remember that not all standards involve only software.  Many relevant technologies today are defined by standards that encompass software,  hardware and physical media components , e.g., Blu-ray.)

As you can see, there is a set of corresponding rights and obligations that the standards organization must deal with.  The right of  the user to freely download the standard derives from the obligation of contributors to assign copyright to the standards organization, so it in turn can make the specification freely available.  And the right of implementors to implement the standard without payment of royalties comes from the obligation of contributors to waive royalties from patents that they control that are necessary to implement the standard.  And the right of implementors to be safe from 3rd party patent claims — to the extent this is ever possible — comes from the obligation of members to disclose such 3rd party patents.

It might be useful to compare this to a well-run open source project, one that requires that contributors sign and fax in a membership or contributor agreement, assigning copyright and making assertions regarding necessary patents.  In a similar way, participation in an open standards organization requires a binding membership agreement, to ensure that there is a record of the obligations that have been undertaken.

ISO in the kitchen

Now what about ISO?  I claim, quite cheekily, that they cannot cook.  So let me right away make the case why ISO, by their own rules and procedures, cannot reliably develop open standards.

First, let’s look at the “free availability” question.  ISO’s business model is predicated on the sale of standards.  If we look at a typical example, say a copy of the C++ programming language standard, we see it sells for 380 CHF ($374.38).  Note that everyone directly involved in the development of ISO standards is a volunteer or funded by outside sponsors.  The editors,  technical experts, etc., get none of this money.  Of course, we must also consider the considerable expense of maintaining offices and executive staff in Geneva.  Individual National Bodies are also permitted to sell ISO standards and this money is used to fund their own national standards activities, e.g., pay for offices and executive staff in their capital.  But none of this money seems to flow down to the people who makes the standards.  In fact, in the US I need to pay $1200/year for the privilege of volunteering my time to create standards that are then sold at costs that I could not afford.    And what rights do you get for your $374?  Very little.  You can print one copy.  ISO reserves almost all rights, as they explain in their copyright brochure [PDF].

Note that ISO does make a small number of its standards available for download at no cost, generally ones that originated from outside of the ISO system.  (It is hard to restrict access if the standard was born free elsewhere). But these “Publicly Available Standards” represent only around 1% of the 18000+ ISO standards.

So is this compatible with an open standard?  I don’t think so.  And if $374 is exorbitant for me, imagine what impact these ISO standards prices have on small technology firms, especially in the developing world?

What about criterion #2, the open process?  Let’s go down the ANSI essential requirements list in more detail:

On Openness, ANSI says:

Participation shall be open to all persons who are directly and materially affected by the activity in question. There shall be no undue financial barriers to participation. Voting membership on the consensus body shall not be conditional upon membership in any organization, nor unreasonably restricted on the basis of technical qualifications or other such requirements.

A big fail there for ISO.  In particular, materially affected persons are not able to vote at all, but only indirectly via required membership in a National Body.  The entire ISO system is non-open.

On Lack of Dominance,  ANSI says:

The standards development process shall not be dominated by any single interest category, individual or organization. Dominance means a position or exercise of dominant authority, leadership, or influence by reason of superior leverage, strength, or representation to the exclusion of fair and equitable consideration of other viewpoints.

We saw during the OOXML ballot, and especially at the BRM, how this totally fell apart.  It was raised several times that Microsoft was dominating the committees, sometimes representing more than 50% of the people in the room.  But ISO leadership dodged the issue, saying there was nothing they could do about it,  based on their rules.  This may be true.  But that is just acknowledgment that their rules are not able to prevent dominance.

And on Balance, ANSI says:

The standards development process should have a balance of interests. Participants from diverse interest categories shall be sought with the objective of achieving balance.

Like committees containing almost exclusively Microsoft Business Partners?  Fail.   In fact you can go up and down the list and ISO fails to meet these minimum requirements.

OK.  Maybe it is unfair of me to subject ISO to the criteria that we use in the US to accredit little industry standards consortia.  Maybe it is unfair of me to suggest that the International Organization for Standardization should meet the openness requirements that are regularly met by stalwart giants like the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration or the Hardwood, Plywood & Veneer Association? (Full ANSI list is here [PDF]) Maybe you tell me that it is unreasonable and asks too much.   I would accept that response.   But I believe that, as it is today, if ISO tried to get accreditation as a standardizer in the US, it would fail, for inability to meet basic minimum openness and due process requirements.  And that saddens me.  It should sadden you as well.

The 3rd and final ingredient, as we know, is the IPR policy.  I ask you to glance over the ISO/IEC/ITU  “Common Patent Policy” and compare it to the IPR policies mentioned above from the W3C and OASIS.  I think you will first be struck by how short and fuzzy the ISO statement is, and by the complete lack of any stated obligations for ISO members with regards to patents.

For example, the main disclosure requirement is stated as:

Any party participating in the work of ITU, ISO or IEC should, from the outset, draw the attention of the Director of ITU-TSB, the Director of ITU-BR, or the offices of the CEOs of ISO or IEC, respectively, to any known patent or to any known pending patent application, either their own or of other organizations, although ITU, ISO or IEC are unable to verify the validity of any such information.

Now, I am not a lawyer, but even I can see that “any known patent or known pending patent application” is vague to the point of making it meaningless.  There is zero qualifications or restrictions given.  I know that there are 8 million or so granted US patents, maybe 10 million if you include pending applications, and that is just in the US.  Should I report them all?  That’s what it appears to be recommending (but only recommending, since it is stated as a “should” not a “shall”) when it says “any known pending patent application”.

There appears to be no serious consideration given to what the disclosure obligation is.  Am I supposed to disclose patents that I actually know read on any part of the standard?  On required portions of the standard?  Optional portions?  Mandatory requirements on optional features?  Patents that I think, but am not sure that may read on a standard?  Ones where there is a remote, but non-zero possibility that it reads on a standard?  Ones where someone else has alleged it reads on a product that implements a standard?  Ones where a jury has determined that a product implementing the standard infringes on a patent?  Ones where the Federal Court of Appeals has upheld that a patent reads on a product that uses the standard?  Ones where the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed the Federal Court of Appeals decision?

You can see how ridiculous the ISO requirement is.  IMHO, you could replace the ISO patent policy with a wall  poster with a big yellow smiley face  and the caption “Be careful!” with no essential loss of effect.  ISO seems to be living in a world where Rambus never happened.   Without solid obligations for ISO participants there are no corresponding strong rights for implementors.

(That’s my opinion.  Again, I am not a lawyer, so don’t take any of this as legal advice.  This is all my personal opinion and observation.  But, geez, look again at that patent policy.  Are they joking?  You should then look again at the OASIS disclosure requirements for a real world example of how a disclosure obligation must be phrased for it to have any teeth whatsoever.  What ISO has is more like a voluntary registration of reported patents.  That is not much of an assurance post-Rambus.)

The fundamental issue is that the membership of ISO consists of National Bodies, not individuals and not corporations.  So the formal members of ISO are not the patent owners.  This “committee of committees” approach puts a level of administrative indirection between those who have the knowledge and control of the IP and those who formally make the decisions.  It is an approach seemingly crafted to obfuscate accountability and disclaim  responsibility.

The other problem is that they have attempted to craft a single patent policy that applies to all standards from ISO, IEC and ITU, for everything from document formats to paper sizes, from quality processes to bolts, screws and studs, from shipping containers to medical devices.  The licensing and royalty practices of these diverse industries are equally diverse and any attempt to reduce them into a single rule will naturally lead to a lowest-common denominator statement of generalities.  And if you have 18000 standards, the lowest common denominator is rather useless, as we saw above.

Another issue is that ISO is fundamentally accepting and accommodating of RAND licensing.  There is no effective way for a committee to state the intent of developing an open standard, and then to maintain the pedigree and hygiene of the specification and process to assure a royalty free outcome.  There is no guarantee that contributions from other NBs will be RF.  There are no procedural protections against an NB who would seek to introduce patent encumbered material into the standard.  In fact, there is nothing to prevent a National Body or group of National Bodies from withholding their approval of a draft unless and until a specific desired RAND feature is added to the standard, perhaps to benefit a domestic rights owner.  This is all incompatible with the development of open standards.

What can be done?

So what are we to do?  ISO is obviously not going away, at least not quickly. But certainly for vast swaths of important,  widely-adopted standards work, ISO is simply irrelevant.  The web was built on open standards that were developed entirely outside of the ISO system, and in fact could only have been developed outside of that system.  Openness was key to their success.  So one approach for us is simply to ignore ISO wherever possible.  Certainly, do not promote procurement and policy initiates that exclusively favor ISO standards, since by doing so you eliminate from consideration the majority of relevant open standards that are available.  In other words, why grant ISO a monopoly on standards, especially when they seem constitutionally unsuited to the 21st century task of  creating timely, market-relevant open standards?

Another approach is for industry to make more aggressive use of the Publicly Available Specification (PAS) process, allowed in ISO/IEC JTC1, by which existing market-relevant industry standards can be turned into International Standards, largely unmodified, via an accelerated transposition procedure.  This allows the technical work to originate in an industry standards organization that understands the unique requirements of open standards and that can ensure relevant protections are in place to ensure the pedigree and hygiene of the IP in the standard.  Once the technical work is completed and review and consensus approval is achieved, the standard can then be transposed into an International Standard.    Some have criticized this as using ISO as a “rubber stamp”, that this process does not permit NBs to fully participate in the work of creating the standard.  But we must note that the PAS process is not intended as a standards development process.  It is not intended as a means for ISO NBs to participate directly in the development of the standard.  PAS is simply a transposition process, taking existing, relevant industry standards, and after a short review, giving them the imprimatur of an International Standard.   So yes, it is a rubber stamp of sorts, but one where ISO has two rubber stamps at hand, one saying “Yes” and one saying “No”.  Either can be used.

But in the end the problem isn’t the rubber stamp.  The problem is that ISO has no ability to develop open standards of their own, to enforce the member obligations that ensure the rights of users to freely implement the standard, and that ISO lacks open and transparent procedures, and that ISO clings to standards publication revenue model that puts their standards out of reach for many.

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Filed Under: Intellectual Property, Standards

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