{"id":93,"date":"2007-04-05T16:15:00","date_gmt":"2007-04-05T21:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/2d823b65bb.nxcli.io\/2007\/04\/the-first-harvest-of-the-season.html"},"modified":"2016-05-15T09:31:46","modified_gmt":"2016-05-15T13:31:46","slug":"first-harvest-of-season","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/2007\/04\/first-harvest-of-season.html","title":{"rendered":"The first harvest of the season"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/2d823b65bb.nxcli.io\/blog\/images\/birch_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" align=\"left\" hspace=\"20\" \/><br \/>\nSpring is here. In the last two weeks I&#8217;ve seen the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galanthus\">snowdrops<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crocus\">crocuses<\/a> bloom. Spring is here. But don&#8217;t look outside. Forgot the newly-fallen snow. This is New England. Late snow fall is unwelcome, though not unusual. But in no case will it stop the season&#8217;s first harvest.<\/p>\n<p>Harvest?! What can one harvest in early April? <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Birch sap\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birch_sap\" rel=\"wikipedia\">Birch sap<\/a>, my friends, Birch sap. The nectar of the gods. (Well, the sap of the gods at the very least). This is the only good reason to put one&#8217;s boots on and tromp around the woods this time of year. The goal, as you might imagine, is to make birch sap wine. Here is how it is done.<\/p>\n<p>First, find yourself a birch tree. I used a white (paper) birch. The paper birch doesn&#8217;t have the highest sugar content, but will do. Black and yellow birches would be preferred, if you have them. You want a big birch tree, not some little twig of a tree. Bigger means more sap with less stress to the tree.<\/p>\n<p>Second, plan to start collecting sap right around this time, earliest spring, when the sap rises from the roots. If you try too early you&#8217;ll get nothing, and if you wait for the warmer weather, the sap gets cloudy. So there is a 2-week window, right around early April here in Massachusetts, that is perfect.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/2d823b65bb.nxcli.io\/blog\/images\/birch-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" align=\"right\" hspace=\"20\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Next you need some basic equipment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A drill. I used a cordless electric drill.<\/li>\n<li>A spile. This is the spigot you tap the tree with. You can make one yourself, or purchase online. Search EBay and you&#8217;ll find a variety. The ones used for maple syrup work just fine for birch.<\/li>\n<li>A rubber mallet. This is used for tapping in the spile without breaking it.<\/li>\n<li>Some food grade plastic tubing and a collection jug. I reused some brewing supplies for this, including a 5-gallon jug to collect the sap in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Since my birch tree was 100-yards down a hill in the woods, by a stream, I packed the equipment into a sack and carried the jug down the hill. The rest is easy. Drill a hole with a 5\/16\u2033 bit, around 3-feet off the ground, angled slightly up. It doesn&#8217;t need to be deep, only an inch or so. Then tap in the stile with the mallet, connect the rubber tubing and so it drains into the jug. I ended up securing my jug to the tree with rope. I don&#8217;t know why. Just habit. I don&#8217;t think there is anything in those woods big enough to walk away with 5-gallons of birch sap, but too dumb to cut a rope.<\/p>\n<p>The sap collects around a half-gallon a day. Since the temperatures were low, I didn&#8217;t worry too much about spontaneous fermentation from wild yeast, though I did add some <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campden_tablets\">campden tablets<\/a> every day or so as insurance, to keep it sterile.<\/p>\n<p>After around five days my jug was full. Time to return it home. This was the weakness of my plan. Bringing a 5-gallon jug full of birch sap 100-yards uphill through dense brush was a significantly greater task than bringing the empty jug down the hill. I&#8217;ll need to think this over more next time.<\/p>\n<p>Once in the kitchen, I did some testing, confirming the sugar level with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">a <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrometer\">hydrometer<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_handheld_refractometer\">refractometer<\/a>. The sap was only around 1.5% sugar. This is about what I expected. Commercial birch syrup producers say it takes 80 gallons of birch sap to make 1 gallon of birch syrup. I don&#8217;t need something that concentrated, but I do need to get to 20% sugar content or so for fermentation.<\/p>\n<p>So what was the character of my raw ingredients? I&#8217;d describe it as having a sweet, warming, earthy smell, with a hint of wintergreen. My wife simply said, &#8220;It smells like dirt&#8221;. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">De gustibus non disputandum<\/span>, especially with one&#8217;s <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">uxor<\/span>. I&#8217;ll see what the winemaker&#8217;s art can do to this unusual liquid.<\/p>\n<p>I transfer the sap into a 6-gallon brew pot and start it boiling for most of an afternoon. Evaporation concentrates the sugar and the flavor. Once I got it down to gallon, I added a few sprigs of fresh spearmint for a little accent flavor and to restore some of the aroma that was lost from the long boil.<\/p>\n<p>At that point I cooled the sap, remeasured the sugar content and added cane sugar to bring it up to a specific gravity of 1.085. This should result in an alcohol percentage of around 11% if it ferments dry. I also added some citric acid to put the pH where I want it (I could have added orange juice instead if I wanted) and then added the yeast. I&#8217;m using <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lallemandwine.us\/products\/yeast_strains.php#ICV-K1_V1116\">Lavlin V1116<\/a> &#8220;Montpellier&#8221; yeast, a strain which I&#8217;ve used successfully with fruit wines before.<\/p>\n<p>The birch sap wine is fermenting now. If a few days I&#8217;ll transfer to a carboy for clarification and in a few months I&#8217;ll bottle it and set it sit another 6 months or so for conditioning. I have never done a birch sap wine before so I have no idea how this will turn out.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zemanta-pixie\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; height: 15px;\"><a class=\"zemanta-pixie-a\" title=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" href=\"http:\/\/reblog.zemanta.com\/zemified\/bf425100-0572-428c-ba55-1ecb087e0f48\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" style=\"float: right;\" src=\"http:\/\/img.zemanta.com\/reblog_e.png?x-id=bf425100-0572-428c-ba55-1ecb087e0f48\" alt=\"Reblog this post [with Zemanta]\" \/><\/a><span class=\"zem-script more-related\"><script src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spring is here. In the last two weeks I&#8217;ve seen the snowdrops and the crocuses bloom. Spring is here. But don&#8217;t look outside. Forgot the newly-fallen snow. This is New England. Late snow fall is unwelcome, though not unusual. But in no case will it stop the season&#8217;s first harvest. Harvest?! What can one harvest [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[167],"class_list":{"0":"post-93","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-beer-wine","7":"tag-birch-sap-wine","8":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2497,"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions\/2497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robweir.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}